FACULTY

APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES

DEPARTMENT

AIRCRAFT TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING

LEVEL OF STUDIES

UNDERGRADUATE

MODULE CODE

AE4140T

SEMESTER OF STUDIES

^7th

COURSE TITLE

TURBINE ENGINES

INDEPENDENT TEACHING ACTIVITIES

TEACHING HOURS PER WEEK

CREDIT UNITS

Lectures 

3

3

Practice 

1

2

COURSE TYPE

Specialty course

PRE-REQUIRED COURSES:

TEACHING AND EXAMINATION LANGUAGE

GREEK

THE COURSE IS OFFERED TO ERASMUS STUDETNS 

COURSE WEBSITE (URL)

Learning Objectives

After successfully completing the course, students should be able to :

• Name the basic characteristics of an aircraft turbine engine and identify its parts and components.

• Calculate an aircraft turbin engine power on the basis of its technical manufacturing characteristics
• Describe the maintenance and repair procedures of an aircraft turbine engine
• Analyze and use mathematical formulas, read, describe and prepare drawings, simple designs and diagrams, and carefully apply their knowledge using the manufacturer instructions, interpret results from various sources and measurements and do corrective actions whenever it is required, in regard with topics related to TURBIN ENGINES , unit 15, part 66, according to EC regulation 2042/2003

General Skills

•               Αutonomous work

•               Group work

•               Generation of new research ideas

Unit 1: Introduction to air propulsion. History. Air propulsion principles. Thrust. Air propulsion methods. Types of air propellers. Types of gas turbins. Comparison between types of engines. Use of propulsion engines . Design,  construction, construction materials.   Basic principles of turbin engine operation. Latent energy, kinetic energy, Newton's laws of motion, Brayton cycle.   Relationships of force, work, power, energy, velocity, acceleration. Structural layout and operation of turbin engines with fan,  shaft drive turbine engines, propeller turbine engines .

Unit 2:      Gas turbine operating cycle. Theoretical operating cycle. Operating performance criteria.  Actual operating cycle.  Gas turbine efficiency.  Mixed thrust, pure thrust, gas accelerator reduction thrust, thrust distrubution, resusltant thrust, attraction horsepower, equivalent shaft horsepower, specific fuel consumption. Engine efficiencies. Secondary – primary flow ratio and engine pressure ratio.  Pressure, temperature and speed of gas flow. Engine calibrations, static thrust, speed effect, altitude and hot climate, level calibration, limitations. 

Unit 3:      Air intake and compressors. Air Intake types. Particle retention filters.  Air intake de-icing and anti-icing systems. Centrifugal compressors. Axial compressors. Diffusers. Combustion chambers. Combustion procedure. Fuel supply. Operating charactereistics of the combustion chamber. Types of combustion chambers.  Turbin and exhaust system. Turbin description and operation. Blade cooling. Exhaust. Exhaust cone. Exhaust ducts. Exhaust nozzles. 

Unit 4:     Thrust reverse. Aircraft retard landing. Advantages and operation principles of thrust reversers. Thrust reverser types.  Design and construction principles of thrust reversers. Afterburning and noise management. Operation. Control system. Thrust increase. Fuel consumption. Noise reduction. Noise sources. Noise reduction methods. Noise reducers. 

Unit 5:       Lattent energy, kinetic engergy, Newton's laws of motion, Brayton cycle. Relationshipls of force, work, power, energy, velocity, acceleration. Structural layout and operation of turbin engines, turbofan engines, shaft turbine engines, turbopropeller engines.  Engine efficiencis. Mixed thrust, pure thrust, gas accelerator reduction thrust, thrust distribution, resultant thrust, attraction horsepower, equivalent shaft horsepower, specific fuel consumption.  Engines efficiencies. Secondary-primary flow ratio and engine pressures ratio.  Pressure, temperature and speed of gas flow. Engine calibrations, static thrust, effect of speed, altitude and hot climate, level calibration, limintations.  Air intake. Compressor intake ducts. Effect of various intake  configurations. Protection from ice. 

Unit 6:      Compressors. Axial and centrifugal types. Construction characteristics and operating principles, applications.   Fan balancing. Operation. Causes and effects of stalling and sudden fluctuations of intake pressure. Air flow control methods: air bleed valves, variable angle driving intake blades, steady blade rotation. Compression ratio.  

Unit 7: Combustion section:  Construction characteristics and operating principles . Turbin part. Operation and characteristics of different type turbin blades. Blade connectiion to the disc. Driving turbine blades.   Οδηγά πτερύγια στροβίλου. Causes and effects of tension and creep on turbine blades. Exhaust. Construction characteristics and operating principles.    Convergent, divergent and variable surface nozzles. Engine noise reduction. Thrust reversers.

Unit 8:      Bearings and Seals.  Construction characteristics and operating principles. Lubricants and fuels. Properties and specifications. Fuel additives. Safety precautions.  Lubrication systems. System operation/layout and components. Fuel system. Engine control operation and fuel measurement systems including Full Authority Digital Engine Control  (FADEC). System layout and components. Air systems. Air Distribution control system operation of the engine and anti-icing systems, as well as internal cooling systems, sealing and external air supply.  Start and Ignition systems. Engine start system and component operation. Ignition systems and components. Safety requirements during maintenance. 

Unit 9:       Engine indication systems. Exhaust gas temperature/temperature in various turbine stages. Engine thrust indication: Engine pressure ratio. Engine pressure  or exhaust pipe pressure release systems.  Fuel pressure and flow. Engine speed. Vibration indication and measurement. Torsional torque. Power. Power enhancement systems. Operation and applications. Water and methanol water Injection. Afterburning systems. 

Unit 10:      Turbopropeller engines. Gas coupled turbine engines / free, gear coupled turbines. Reduction gear boxes. Engine and propeller Integrated adjusters.   Excessive speed safety mechanisms. Shaft turbine engines. Devices, guiding systems, reduction gearing, coupling, control systems. Auxiliary Power Units  (ΑPUs). Purpose, operation, protection systems.

Unit 11:     Power plant installation.  Firewall configuration, engine cowlings, acoustic panels, engine mount, anti-vibration mounts, hoses, pipes, feeders, couplers, wiring looms, control cables and rods, lifting points and drains. Fire protection systems. Fire detection and  extinction system operation.  

Unit 12:    Engine monitoring system and ground operation. Engine start and test procedures on the ground. Interpretation of engine power οutput and parameters.  Engine trend monitoring (including oil analysis, vibration and boroscope).  Inspection of engine and components:  criteria, tolerances and data specified by the engine manufacturer.  Compressor cleaning.  Foreign object damage (FOD). Engine storage and protection. Protection and restoration of engine, components and systems.

TEACHING METHODS

In the classroom

USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES

Use of  e-class platform

TEACHING ORGANIZATION

STUDENT EVALUATION

Ι. Final written examination  (100%) including :

–                     Multiple choice questions

       - Problem solving questions focusing on aircraft turbine engine efficiencies

-Suggested Bibliohraphy :

1)            “Advances in Gas Turbine Technology”, Ernesto Benini, Intech Open Access Publisher, 2011

2)            Charles  E. Otis,  Peter A. Vosbury, “Aircraft Gas Turbine Powerplant”, 2002

3)            R.E.Birch, “Gas Turbine Engines for Pilots and Mechanics”, Jeppesen 2002.

4)            Irwin Treager, “Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine Technology”, Glencoe Aviation Technology

5)            Ξ. Κακάτσιος, «Στροβιλοαντιδραστήρες Αεροσκαφών»

6)            Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook by Meherwan P. Boyce ButterworthHeinemann, 2nd edition, 2001.

7)            Fundamentals of Gas Turbines, 2nd edition, William W. Bathie, 1996.

8)            Gas Turbine Theory, Gohen Rogers, Third Edition, Longman, 1992